Applied Research in Geographical Sciences

Applied Research in Geographical Sciences

Analysis of the personality traits of urban tourism brand on visiting intention through perceived consistency (studied in Tehran)

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of geography and urban planning, kharazmi University,tehran,itan
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, payam noor university
4 Master of Business Administration, Department of Business Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
It is important to examine the effect of the tourist personality on the choice of tourist destination. In the meantime, using Hofstede's cultural model in analyzing the effect of tourist personality dimensions on the intention to visit through the perceived homogeneity variable greatly helps to understand this issue. In this research, the effects of femininity, masculinity, ambiguity, avoidance of individualism and collectivism on the intention to visit have been analyzed. This research is applied in terms of purpose and methodological in addition to descriptive and survey research. In this regard, 384 questionnaires were distributed among tourists from German, Japanese, French, Arab (Iraqi), Italian, Austrian, Chinese nationalities residing in five star hotels in Tehran. Structural equation index was used for data analysis. The results show that tourists prefer brands that match their perception of the destination brand. The findings of the study indicate that the personality dimensions of the tourist intent through the popularity of tourism destinations and the image of tourist destinations influence on the perceived homogeneity of the urban tourism brand and the masculinity of the tourism city brand; Perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand is effective and femininity of tourism city brand does not affect perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand. The results of this study indicate that Tehran has a masculine brand and people are selected to be masculine and to be collectivist and ambiguous. In fact, the results of the study showed that in selecting tourism markets for Tehran, one should look for tourism markets that are characteristic of the Hofstede model in terms of masculinity, ambiguity and collectivism, as well as the development of tourism spaces for women.
Keywords

Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347-356.
Barre, H. (1996). Culture, tourism, development: crucial issues for the XXIst century. Paris: UNESCO .
Canavan, B. (2016). Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and sustainability. Tourism Management, 53, 229-243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.002
Costa, B. A. Crawford, A., & Jakob, K. (2013). Does culture influence IPO underpricing? Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 23(1–2), 113-123. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2012.12.001
Ferns n,B, Walls, A,(2012), 'Enduring travel involvement, destination brand equity, and travelers’ visit intentions: A structural model analysis', Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
Geuens, M., & Weijters, B., & De Wulf, K. (2009). A new measure of brand personality. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(2), 97-107.
Hancıoğlu, Y., Doğan, Ü. B., & Yıldırım, Ş. S. (2014). Relationship between Uncertainty Avoidance Culture, Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 908-916. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.100
Hofstede, Geert (2010). Cultures and Organizations, Softwares of the mind. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-177015-6.
Horčička, A & Jelínková, L. (2014). Consideration of Cultural Differences in the Performance Management Systems in Czech Enterprises,Enterprise and the Competitive Environment 2014 conference, Brno, Czech Republic,Procedia Economics and Finance,(12), 221 – 233.
Hsu, C-Jiu., & Yen, J-Ru., & Chang, Yu-C., & Woon, H. K . (2016). How do the services of low cost carriers affect passengers' behavioral intentions to revisit a destination. Journal of Air Transport Management, (52) 111-116.
Hudson, S., Roth, M. S., Madden, T. J., & Hudson, R. (2015). The effects of social media on emotions, brand relationship quality, and word of mouth: An empirical study of music festival attendees. Tourism Management, 47, 68-76. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.001
Jahandideha, B.,& Golmohammadi, A.,& Meng, F.,& O‘Gormand, K. D.,& Taheri, B. (2014). Cross-cultural comparison of Chinese and Arab consumer complaint behavior in the hotel context, International Journal of Hospitality Management (41), 67–76.
Jakiela, P.,& Ozier, O. (2015). Does Africa need a rotten kin theorem? Experimentalevidence from village economies, forthcoming, Review of Economic Studies.
Kang, Ch., & Bennett, G., & Welty P, Jon. (2016).Five dimensions of brand personality traits in sport, Sport Management Review, (358), 13.
Lam, S. K., & Ahearne, M., & Schillewaert, N. (2012). A multinational examination of the symbolic-instrumental framework of consumer-brand identification. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(3), 306-331.
Lee, G., & Lee, C. K. (2009). Cross-cultural comparison of the image of Guam perceived by Korean and Japanese leisure travelers: Importance–performance analysis. Tourism Management, 30 (6), 922-931.
Lieven, T., & Hildebrand, C. (2016). The impact of brand gender on brand equity. nternational Marketing Review, 33(2), 178–195.
Liu, Z., & Huang, S. (Sam)., & Hallak, R., & Liang, M. (2016). Chinese consumers' brand personality perceptions of tourism real estate firms, Tourism Management, (52), 310-326.
Manhas, P. S., Manrai, L. A., & Manrai, A. K. (2016). Role of tourist destination development in building its brand image: A conceptual model. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 21(40), 25-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jefas.2016.01.001
Matzler, K., Strobl, A., Stokburger-Sauer, N., Bobovnicky, A., & Bauer, F. (2016). Brand personality and culture: The role of cultural differences on the impact of brand personality perceptions on tourists' visit intentions. Tourism Management, 52, 507-520. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.017
Mazanec, J., & Crotts, J. C., & Gursoy, D., & L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation, Tourism Management (48),299-304.
Ortega, E., & Rodríguez, B. (2007). Information at tourism destinations. Importance and cross-cultural differences between international and domestic tourists, Journal of Business Research, (60), 146–152.
Reisinger, Y., & Crotts, J. C. (2010). Applying hofstede's national culture measures in tourism research: illuminating issues of divergence and convergence. Journal of Travel Research, 49(2), 153-164.
Sharpley, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research. Tourism Management, 42, 37-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.10.007
Thi Ai Cam, T. (2011). Explaining Tourists Satisfaction and Intention to revisit, Nha trang Vietnam . Master Thesis in Fisheries and Aquaculture Management and Economics (30 ECTS), The Norwegian College of Fishery Science University of Tromso, Norway & Nha Trang University, Vietnam.
Vazquez, D., Dennis, C., & Zhang, Y. Understanding the effect of smart retail brand – Consumer communications via mobile instant messaging (MIM) – An empirical study in the Chinese context. Computers in Human Behavior. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.018
Žabkar, V., Brenčič, M., & Dmitrovic, T. (2010). Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level (Vol. 31)
Zhang, J., Inbakaran, R., & Jackson, M. (2006). Understanding community attitudes towards tourism and hosteguest interaction in the urban-rural border region. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 8 (2), 182-204