تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

کارآفرینی بومی روستایی: زمینه ای نو در تحقیقات روستایی ایران

نویسندگان
علی اکبر عنابستانی 1
مهرشاد طولابی نژاد 2
1 استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
2 پژوهشگر پسا دکترا دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
10.52547/jgs.24.72.447
چکیده
کارآفرینی بومی روستایی یکی از جوان‌ترین زمینه‌های تحقیقاتی است که نشان می‌دهد در ایران که یکی از بزرگترین کشورهای آسیا است و دارای میراث فرهنگی غنی و جوامع بومی است، تاکنون به موضوع کارآفرینی بومی روستایی توجه­ای نشده است. لذا مقاله حاضر به عنوان یک ارزیابی تحلیلی و با ارائه رویکردهای متنوع بر اساس غنا و تنوع مفهومی در حوزه­های علوم اجتماعی، اقتصادی، برنامه­ریزی و توسعه روستایی از رویکرد سیستمی بهره­مند شده و سعی بر آن دارد، ضمن معرفی کارآفرینی بومی روستایی، به معرفی کارآفرینی بومی روستایی منبعث از آن برای بسترسازی پژوهش­های آتی در کشور بپردازد. این مقاله با تجزیه و تحلیل ادبیات و خطوط تحقیقاتی مرتبط به درک جامعی از زمینه تحقیقاتی کارآفرینی بومی کمک می‌کند. در همین راستا، مقاله حاضر که به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و اطلاعات آن به روش اسنادی فراهم آمده در پی پاسخ به این سوالات بوده است که عناصر بروز تفاوت میان کارآفرینی بومی روستایی و کارآفرینی کلاسیک کدامند؟ اهداف و ویژگی­های منحصربفرد کارآفرینی بومی روستایی کدامند؟ و الگوی (مدل) مناسب برای توسعه کارآفرینی بومی روستایی در ایران کدامند؟ نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که کارآفرینی بومی متفاوت از کارآفرینی کلاسیک/ غربی است، و بر عناصری چون استفاده از منابع بومی، ارزش­های فرهنگی بومی، منفعت جمعی، روابط و سرمایه خانوادگی و پیوندهای خویشاوندی/خانوادگی تاکید دارد. نتایج نشان داد که کارآفرینی بومی روستایی، لزوماً در پاسخ به نیازهای بازار ایجاد نمی­شود و بیشتر با هدف تامین معیشت خانواده، حفظ محیط زیست، حفط ارزش­های فرهنگی و معنوی انجام می­گیرد. بر خلاف کارآفرینی به سبک غربی، کارآفرینی بومی روستایی عناصری از برابری­طلبی، فعالیت جمعی/خویشاوندی و با تاکید بر ارزش­های فرهنگی و منابع طبیعی در دسترس را نشان می­دهند. کارآفرینی بومی روستایی اغلب با اهداف معیشتی داخل خانوار و بیشتر با اهداف غیراقتصادی مانند حفظ معیشت، حفظ فرهنگ بومی، حفظ محیط زیست و اهداف معنوی انجام می­گیرد.



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کلیدواژه‌ها
جوامع بومی
کارآفرینی کلاسیک (غربی)
کارآفرینی بومی روستایی
ایران

عنوان مقاله English

Rural Indigenous entrepreneurship: Emerging Field in Iranian Rural Research

نویسندگان English

Ali Akbar Anabestani 1
Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad 2
1 Professor of Human Geographic Group, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Post-doctoral researcher, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده English

Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values ​​and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Indigenous communities
Classic (western) entrepreneurship
Rural Indigenous entrepreneurship
Iran
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