تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

خشکسالی و جوامع روستایی: استراتژی های مقابله با پیامدهای آن (مورد مطالعه: روستاهای مرزی شهرستان زاهدان)

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور؛ ایران
2 دانشیار اقلیم شناسی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان؛زاهدان؛ ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیای محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
چکیده
وقوع خشکسالی اثرت زیادی بر معیشت خانوارهای روستایی، به ویژه در روستاهای مناطق مرزی که با کمبود گزینه­های معیشتی روبرو هستند، وارد می­سازد. برای مقابله با این اثرات استفاده از راهبردهای مقابله با پیامدهای آن در مناطق روستایی ضروری است. لذا با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثرات خشکسالی بر جوامع روستایی و شناسایی راهبردهای مقابله با پیامدهای آن در روستاهای مرزی شهرستان زاهدان است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و روش انجام ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی) است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها و اطلاعات پرسش­نامه، مشاهد و مصاحبه با کشاورزان و روستاییان بوده است.جامعه آماری مربوط به خانوارهای روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان زاهدان (10278 خانوار) است که با استفاده از نمونه­گیری سهمیه­ای و تصادفی ساده 380 خانوار به عنوان نمونه اول انتخاب شد. برای تحلیل داده­های کمی از آزمون اکتشافی جوهانسون استفاده شد. برای بررسی و تحلیل­های کیفی از مصاحبه اکتشافی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشکسالی در روستاهای شهرستان زاهدان بیشترین اثر را بر کاهش منابع آب، سطح زیر کشت، اشتغال، درآمد، فقر روستایی، تعداد دام یا تولیدات دامی، مهاجرت‌های روستایی، از بین رفتن پوشش گیاهی، فرسایش و شوری خاک و کاهش قیمت زمین و اراضی داشته است. نتایج در زمینه وضعیت استفاده از شیوه­های مقابله­ای در بین کشاورزان منطقه نشان داد که وضعیت استفاده از این اقدامات چندان مناسب نمی­باشد و بیش از نیمی از کشاورزان از این روش­ها استفاده نمی­کنند. با این حال برخی از کشاورزان از روش­هایی که نسبتا ساده و کم هزینه که نیاز به تخصص بالایی ندارد و با ویژگی­های روستاهای مرزی سازگاری بیشتری دارد استفاده کرده­اند. از نظر کشاورزان اقداماتی چون قاچاق سوخت و کالا، ترک روستا و مهاجرت به شهر، پرداختن به مشاغل غیرکشاورزی، کف­زنی و یا لای­روبی قنات و تغذیه دستی دام­ها به عنوان مهم­ترین روش­های سازگاری با خشکسالی و کاهش اثرات آن بوده­اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Drought and rural communities: strategies to deal with its consequences (Case study: Border Rural of Zahedan Township)

نویسندگان English

masood safari aliakbari 1
mohammad reza poodineh 2
mohammad azadpour 3
1 assistant professor, Payam Noor university
2 Associate Professor professor of climatology, university of sistan and baloochestan,zahedan,iran
3 M.s student of geography and rural planing, sistan and baloochestan university
چکیده English

The drought occurs in a large number of livelihoods of rural households, especially in villages of border areas facing livelihoods. To deal with these effects, the use of coping strategies in rural areas is essential. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on rural communities and identify strategies for coping with its implications in border villages in Zahedan. The present research is in terms of purpose, applied and method of combined (quantitative and qualitative). The data collection tool and questionnaire were observed and interviewed with farmers and villagers. The statistical society is related to rural households in Zahedan (10278 households), which uses a simple quota and random quota sampling 380 Household was selected as the first instance. In order to analyze quantitative data, Johansson's exploratory test was used. Exploratory interviews were used to investigate and analyze qualitative analyzes. The results showed that drought in Zahedan city villages had the greatest effect on reducing water resources, cultivation, employment, income, rural poverty, number of livestock or animal products, rural migration, vegetation loss, erosion and soil salinity and reduced price Had land and land. The results of the use of coping practices among farmers in the region showed that the status of using these actions is not suitable, and more than half of the farmers do not use these methods. However, some farmers have used more relatively simple and low cost methods that do not need to specialize and with the characteristics of border villages. In terms of farmers, such as smuggling fuel and goods, leaving the village and migrate to the city, addressing non-agricultural jobs, flooring or lyrics of Qanat and manual nutrition of livestock as the most important methods for compatibility with drought and decrease The effects are it.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

drought
rural communities
Border Villages
Coping Strategies
Zahedan Township
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