تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

بررسی و ارزیابی متغیرهای اقتصادی موثر بر قدرت ملی کشورها

نویسندگان
ریحانه صالح ابادی 1
محمدرضا حافظ نیا 2
سید هادی زرقانی 3
سیروس احمدی 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 استاد جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
4 استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
10.52547/jgs.22.66.241
چکیده
قدرت ملی حاصل جمع جبری عوامل مثبت و منفی فراوانی است که از سرچشمه­ها و منابع متعددی تشکیل شده است. یکی از منابع مهم قدرت ملی در جهان امروز که در دوره بعد از جنگ سرد اهمیت بسزایی یافت قدرت اقتصادی می­باشد؛ که خود بستر ساز امور روبنایی دیگر مانند قدرت سیاسی، نظامی و ... محسوب می­گردد. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه­ای و پژوهش میدانی به دنبال پاسخگویی به این سوال است که مهم­ترین متغیرهای و شاخص­های شکل دهنده به قدرت اقتصادی کشورها کدام­ها هستند؟ یافته­های تحقیق با بررسی اسناد کتابخانه­ای نشان می­دهد که چهار مولفه اصلی قدرت اقتصادی شامل امور زیربنایی، مبادله تولید، سطح تولید و منابع مالی می­توانند بر قدرت اقتصادی تاثیرگذار باشند. در این بین 61متغیر مرتبط با مولفه­های چهارگانه نیز شناسایی شد. سپس با استفاده از پرسشنامه طیف لیکرت جهت اندازه گیری میزان اهمیت هر یکی از این متغیرها در اختیار صاحب نظران داخلی قرار گرفت. بر این اساس زیرساخت­های اقتصادی، صادرات تکنولوژی سطح بالا، واردات مواد غذایی و ذخایر ارزی بین­المللی دارای بیشترین درجه اهمیت بودند. و از سویی دیگر متغیرهایی ازجمله سهم فقیرنشینان در مصرف درآمد ملی، رقابت اقتصادی، مالکیت خارجی و هزینه­های تجاری جرائم خشونت آمیز دارای کمترین درجه اهمیت بودند. در نهایت می­توان بیان نمود کشورها برای رسیدن به اهداف و منافع ملی خود ناگزیر هستند به عوامل و متغیرهای قدرت آفرین در بعد اقتصادی توجه داشته باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
قدرت ملی
قدرت اقتصادی
سنجش
ارزیابی
ژئوپلیتیک

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation and evaluation of economic variables affecting the national power of countries

نویسندگان English

Reyhaneh SalehAbadi 1
Mohammad Reza HafezNia 2
Seyyed Hadi Zarghani 3
syrus ahmadi 4
1 Ph.D. student of political geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Political Geography, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The national strength of algebraic aggregation is a large number of positive and negative factors that are composed of numerous sources and resources. One of the important sources of national power in the world today and in the post-Cold War period is economic power, which is itself the bedrock of other superstructures, such as political, military, and so on. This research uses descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and field research to answer this question. What are the most important variables and indicators that shape economic power of countries? The findings of the research by examining library documents show that the four main components of economic power including infrastructure, production exchange, production level and financial resources can affect economic power. Meanwhile, 61 variables related to quadruple components were identified. Then, by using the Likert spectrum questionnaire, internal knowledge was measured to measure the importance of each of these variables. Accordingly, economic infrastructure, high-tech exports, food imports and international currency reserves were of high importance. On the other hand, variables such as the share of the poor in the consumption of national income, economic competition, foreign ownership, and commercial costs of violent crimes were of minor importance. Finally, it can be argued that countries have an obligation to take into account the factors and variables in the economic dimension to achieve their national interests and interests.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

National Power
Economic Power
Measurement
Evaluation
Geopolitics
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