تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحلیل فضایی مخاطره سیلاب در حوضه آبریز نیرچای با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS و منطق فازی

نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 دانش آموخته دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
سیلاب­ها جزو فراوان­ترین و مخرب­ترین بلایای طبیعی هستند که همه ساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی سنگینی می­شوند. خسارت­های سیلاب به دلیل دستکاری انسان در سیستم­های رودخانه­ای و ساخت و ساز در حریم رودخانه­ها دارای روند صعودی است. در این رابطه، یکی از مهم­ترین اقدامات غیرسازه­ای در جهت کاهش خسارات سیلاب تهیه نقشه­های پهنه­بندی خطر سیل و استفاده از آنها در برنامه­ریزی­های مکانی است. در پژوهش حاضر خطر سیلاب در حوضه آبریز نیرچای واقع در استان اردبیل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این راستا، از مدل HEC-HMS برای شبیه­سازی بارش- رواناب و شناسایی پهنه­های سیل­خیز و از منطق فازی به منظور روی­هم­گذاری لایه­های موضوعی و تهیه نقشه خط سیلاب استفاده شد. نتایج شبیه­سازی نشان­دهنده کارایی بالای مدل HEC-HMS در شبیه­سازی بارش- رواناب حوضه آبریز نیرچای و برآورد دبی­های پیک سیلاب می­باشد. تبدیل بارش به رواناب در سطح حوضه نیرچای عمدتا در کنترل ژئومورفومتری و پوشش زمین می­باشد. بیشترین ارتفاع رواناب و دبی­های پیک حوضه نیرچای در زیرحوضه­های بالادست است. این امر به دلیل شیب زیاد، نفوذپذیری اندک خاک، فراوانی سطوح غیرقابل نفوذ و CN بالاست. ترکیب لایه­های موضوعی با استفاده از منطق فازی نشان داد که در حدود 6/8 درصد از سطح حوضه در پهنه­های با خطر بسیار بالای وقوع سیلاب واقع شده­اند. این پهنه­ها عمدتا منطبق بر دشت سیلابی رودخانه نیرچای می­باشند. این اراضی به علت کم­عرض بودن دره و شیب کم همیشه در معرض سیلاب هستند. اکثر سکونتگاه­های منطقه مطالعاتی در پایین دست حوضه مستقر شده­اند. این امر باعث افزایش مخاطرات ناشی از سیلاب شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Spatial Analysis of Flood Hazard in Nirchay River Basin Using HEC-HMS Model and and fuzzy logic

نویسندگان English

fariba sfandyary darabad 1
mansour kheirizade 2
masoud rahimi 2
1 Professor, Department of Geography, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran.
2 PhD Graduated, University of Tabriz
چکیده English

Floods are one of the most abundant and destructive natural disasters that every year are caused heavy losses of life and property. Due to human activity in river systems and construction in rivers, flood damage has an upward trend. One of the most important actions to reduce flood damage is the provision of flood hazard zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this study, the risk of flood in the Nirchay River Basin that located Ardebil province was investigated. For this purpose, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and to identify flood zones and fuzzy logic in order to overlay the layers and prepare a flood hazard zoning map.The simulation results show the high performance of the HEC-HMS model in simulating rainfall-runoff of the Nirchay River Basin and estimating peak flood discharges. Rainfall conversion to runoff at the Nirchay River Basin controlled by slope and land-use.The most runoff height and peak flow in Nirchay River Basin are located in the upstream sub-basins. This is due to the steep, low permeability soil, frequency impervious surfaces and high CN. The combination of layers using fuzzy logic has shown that about 8.6% of the surface of the basin are located with a high risk of flooding. These zones are located mainly on the floodplain of the Nirchay Basin. Due to the Low valley width and low slope, these lands are always at flood risk. Most settlements in the study area are located at downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Floods
HEC-HMS model
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Fuzzy overlays
Nirchay Basin
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