تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

سنجش گستردگی فضایی کلانشهر تهران و تأثیر آن بر تغییرات محیط‌ زیست

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
شهرنشینی فزاینده در جهان شهری­شده، پایداری مناطق کلان­شهری را به­ویژه در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه در ابعاد مختلف توسعه پایدار با چالش­های اساسی مواجه ساخته و چشم‌انداز توسعه ناپایداری را برای آن‌ها رقم زده است. مصرف بی­رویه زمین و پیامد آن تغییرات کاربری و پوشش زمین، یکی از معضلات محیط­زیستی است که در اثر تمرکز بالای جمعیت و فعالیت در مناطق کلان­شهری به‌طور چشمگیری اتفاق می­افتد. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی بوده و در راستای پایش تغییرات محیط­زیستی ناشی از گستردگی فضایی کلان­شهر تهران با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با به‌کارگیری تکنیک­های سنجش‌ازدور و GIS تغییرات کاربری و پوشش زمین ناشی از گستردگی فضایی کلان­شهر تهران را مورد ارزیابی و تحلیل قرار داده است. یافته­ها، حاکی از افزایش مساحت اراضی ساخته‌شده از 34316 هکتار در سال 1365 به 68252 هکتار در سال 1395 دارد که 15731 هکتار از آن مربوط به تغییرات اراضی کشاورزی، باغات و پهنه آبی به اراضی ساخته‌شده می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج پیش‌بینی مدل زنجیره مارکوف و سلول‌های خودکار حاکی از ادامه روند تغییرات کاربری و پوشش زمین به نفع اراضی ساخته‌شده دارد تا سال 1405 دارد. این شواهد نشان دهنده این است که کلان­شهر تهران با گسترش بیش از اندازه خود از آستانه­های جمعیتی و اکولوژیکی فراتر رفته و با پیش روی به‌سوی محیط طبیعی پیرامون اختلال ساختاری مهمی را در محیط­زیست به وجود آورده است. بر همین اساس لزوم توجه به رویکردهای نوین توسعه شهری و همچنین ارائه سناریوهای تمرکززدایی از آن می­تواند اقدامی اساسی برای حل معضلات محیط­زیستی ناشی از گستردگی فضایی بیش از اندازه آن باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Measuring Spatial Expansion of Tehran Metropolis and its Impact on Environmental Changes

نویسندگان English

Asghar Teymouri 1
Jamileh Tavakolinia 2
Abolfazl Meshkini 3
1 Shahid Beheshti University
2 Associate Professor, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده English

Increasing urbanization in the urbanized world has posed major challenges to the sustainability of metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries in various aspects of sustainable development, and has provided them with the prospect of unsustainable development. Excessive land use and its consequent land use changes and land cover are one of the environmental problems caused by the high concentration of population and activity in metropolitan areas. This study is an applied one in order to monitor the environmental changes caused by spatial expansion of Tehran metropolitan area by descriptive-analytical method and by using remote sensing and GIS techniques land use changes and land cover caused by spatial expansion of Tehran metropolis. Has evaluated and analyzed Tehran. The results indicate that the area of ​​land increased from 34316.1 hectares in 1365 to 68252 67.95 in 1595/6117 hectares related to changes in agricultural lands, orchards and water area. Be it. The results of the Markov Chain Model prediction of the probability of land use changes and land cover up to 1405 also indicate that land use and land cover changes will continue in favor of constructed lands. It is concluded that Tehran's metropolitan area has expanded beyond the demographic and ecological thresholds and has led to a significant structural disruption to the environment by moving toward the natural environment. Accordingly, the need to pay attention to new approaches to urban development as well as to provide decentralization scenarios can be a major step towards resolving environmental problems caused by over-spatial expansion.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Spatial Expansion
Environmental Changes
Satellite Imagery
decentralization
Tehran Metropolis
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