تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

سنجش پایداری شاخص های فضایی-کالبدی محلات راه آهن و رضاشهرِ مشهد با رویکرد شهرگرایی جدید

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
2 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
3 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه کوثر بجنورد، ایران
چکیده
نظریه شهرگرایی جدید در دهه های اخیر و در پاسخ به مشکلات متعدد شهری قرن بیستم و با هدف ایجاد شهرهای سرزنده، جمع و جور، متنوع و مطلوب از نظر کار، پیاده روی، زندگی و گزینه های حمل و نقل شکل گرفت. نظر به اقبال گسترده این نظریه در میان پژوهشگران ایرانی هدف پژوهش حاضر سنجش پایداری محله های ارگانیک و برنامه­ریزی­شده مشهد بر اساس شاخص­های فضایی-کالبدی شهرگرایی جدید می­باشد. در این راستا دو محله راه­آهن (محله ارگانیگ) و فاز دوم رضاشهر (محله برنامه­ریزی­شده) برای بررسی و مطالعه انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و جهت ارزیابی پایداری محله های مورد نظر از مدل ترکیبی AHP و نرم افزار GIS استفاده شده است. بر این اساس مدل سنجش پایداری مورد استفاده در قالب 7 شاخص فضایی-کالبدی (نوع معبر، عرض پیاده­رو، کاربری، وسعت قطعات، دسترسی به مرکز محله، تعداد طبقات و دسترسی به حمل و نقل عمومی) بصورت سلسله­مراتبی ایجاد گردید . نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد 81/­67 % از وسعت محله رضاشهر از پایداری متوسط به بالا برخوردار است و 19/­32% فاقد پایداری می­باشد. در محله راه­آهن ارقام فوق به ترتیب پایداری و ناپایداری عبارتند از 71/69­% و 29/30%. بنابراین طبق شاخص­های فضایی-کالبدی شهرگرایی جدید، اگرچه دو محله مورد بررسی تفاوت اندکی دارند اما در مجموع محله رضاشهر نسبت به محله قدیمی راه­آهن ناپایدارتر است. از این رو می توان گفت محله های قدیمی ایران، قرابت بیشتری با اصول شهرگرایی جدید دارند و به بیان دیگر شهرسازی سنتی و ارگانیک بستر مناسب­تری برای بکارگیری رویکرد شهرگرایی جدید می­باشد که می­توان در قالب بازآفرینی شهری رویکرد مذکور را بکارگرفت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Measuring the Spatial-Physical Indexes of RahAhan and Reazashhar Neighborhoods in Mashhad Based on New Urbanism Approach

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Ajza Shokouhi 1
Shirin Sabaghi Abkooh 2
Forough Kazaei Nejad 3
1 Associate Professor of Geography Department, Literature and Humanities Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 PhD of Geography and Urban Planning, Literature and Humanities Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Geography Department, Humanities Faculty of Kousar University of Bojnord, Iran
چکیده English

A new urbanism theory has emerged in recent decades in response to numerous urban problems of the twentieth century, with the goal of creating vibrant, compact, diverse and desirable cities in terms of work, walking, life, and transportation options. In view of the widespread acceptance of this theory among the Iranian researchers, the aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of organic and planned neighborhoods in Mashhad based on the spatial-physical indexes of new urbanism. In this regard, two neighborhoods, Rah­Ahan (organic neighborhood) and the second phase of Rezashahr (planned neighborhood) were selected. This research method is descriptive- analytical and the mixed model of AHP and GIS has been used to assess the stability of two neighborhoods. Accordingly, the Sustainability Measurement Model was used as a hierarchy in the form of 7 physical-space indicators (type of road, pedestrian width, land use, area of lots, access to the center of the neighborhood, number of floors and access to public transport) . Tthe research results show that in Rezashhar, 68.43% of neighborhood area has moderate to high stability and 31.57% of the total of the neighborhood area is the lack of stability, and in Rah­Ahan, 70.84% of the total of the neighborhood has moderate to high stability and 29.16% of the total of the neighborhood is lack of stability. Therefore, according to the spatial indicators of the new urbanism, the neighborhood of Reza Shahr is more unsustainable than the old neighborhood of Rah Ahan. Therefore, this study shows the richness of traditional Iranian urbanization and the superiority of old neighborhoods. So, it can be said that traditional and organic urbanization is a more appropriate basis for applying the new urbanism approach and this approach can be used in the form of urban regeneration.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Stability
New Urbanism
The Second Phase of Rezashahr
RahAhan Neighborhood
Mashhad Metropolitan
Neo-Traditional neighborhood
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