تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

شهر هوشمند پایدار: مفاهیم، ابعاد و شاخص ها

نویسندگان
افشار حاتمی 1
فرزانه ساسان پور 2
آلبرتو زیپارو 3
محمد سلیمانی 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و معماری دانشگاه فلورانس، ایتالیا
4 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
10.52547/jgs.21.60.315
چکیده
مشخصه قرن 21، شهرنشینی فزاینده، رشد جمعیتی و مشکلات عظیم اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی حاصل از آنها به همراه رشد و گسترش فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در سطح جهانی است. تناقض بین رشد اقتصادی و حفظ محیط زیست، رویارویی شهروند فرامدرن با شهر عصر صنعتی(مدرن) و عدم توانایی پاسخگویی به نیازهای شهروندان عصر حاضر منجر به مطرح شدن رویکرد شهرهوشمندپایدار شد که به کمک فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات از جمله اینترنت اشیا به دنبال حل مسایل مطروحه است. این مقاله ضمن معرفی رویکرد هوشمندپایدار بعنوان نقطه مقابل رویکردهای نئولیبرال محور؛ خواستگاه پیدایش، تکامل، ابعاد، مولفه ها، شاخص ها و تفاوت های این رویکرد با رویکردهای مشابه از جمله شهرهوشمند را بررسی می کند. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف بنیادی نظری و به لحاظ ماهیت و روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که اگرچه تعاریف ثابت و مشخصی در مورد شهرهوشمندپایدار وجود ندارد، اما توافق اصولی بر اهداف نهایی آن، رسیدن به توسعه پایدار وجود دارد. چرایی این امر ناشی از اهمیت موج سوم پایداری و بحرانی شدن چالش های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و بخصوص زیست محیطی در بستر شهرها است. همچنین، تاکید عمده این تعاریف بر روی برابری و فراگیری اجتماعی، افزایش کیفیت زندگی، ایجاد بهره وری، ایجاد زیرساختارهای منعطف، استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و حفظ محیط زیست قرار دارد. از طرف دیگر در تعاریف ارایه شده نوعی خلا آینده نگرانه وجود داشت که تعریف جدیدی با نگاه آینده پژوهی از این مفهوم ارایه شد. هسته اصلی این رویکرد برخلاف رویکردهای مشابه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به همراه توسعه پایدار است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که جهت پیاده سازی این رویکرد علاوه بر استفاده از تئوری تغییر، آینده پژوهی و دیدگاه سیستمی باید شعار «جهانی فکر کن و محلی اقدام کن» را در نظر گرفت و به بومی سازی این رویکرد باتوجه به شرایط اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و آینده نگرانه از کلانشهرهای ایران پرداخت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شهرهوشمندپایدار
فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات
توسعه پایدار
تئوری سیستمی
تئوری تغییر

عنوان مقاله English

Smart Sustainable City: Concept, Aspects and Indices

نویسندگان English

afshar hatami 1
farzaneh sasanpour 2
alberto ziparo 3
mohammad soleymani 4
1 phd student geography and urban planning, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate professor of geography and urban planning, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate professor geography and urban planning, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
4 associate professor of geography and urban planning, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Increased urbanization, population growth and socio-economic and environmental problems besides growth and development of ICT at the global level are the sign of the 21st century. The contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection, encountering ultra-modern citizens with industrial cities and lack of responsibility to current citizens has led to a smart sustainable city that thanks to ICT such as IoT following to solve mentioned problems. This paper beside introducing smart sustainable approach as a counterpoint to Neoliberal approach, assessing emergence, evolution, aspects, indices, and differences between similar approaches like smart city. This research from the view of aim is basic research and from the view of nature and research method is descriptive analytic one. The results of the research indicate that also there is no universal definition of smart sustainable city, but there is an agreement on the final goal to obtain sustainable development. The reason for this necessity is the third wave of sustainability and crisis of social, economic and environmental challenges in the context of the cities. Also, primary focus of these definitions is equity and social inclusiveness, quality of life, efficiency, flexible infrastructure, ICT and environment protection. Furthermore, there was such a futuristic gap in the definition of smart sustainable city that a new definition presented based on future study approach. In contrast to similar approaches, the core of the smart sustainable city is ICT and environment protection. Also, results shows that for implementation of this aprroah inaddtion to use theory of change, future study and systems theory, should consider the slogan of “think globaly and act localy” and localization of smart sustainable approach based on social, economic, political and futuristic condition of Iranian metropolises.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Smart Sustainable City
ICT
System Theory
Theory of Change
Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppä, I., & Airaksinen, M. 2017. What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities, 60, 234–245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009
Aina, Y. A. 2017. Achieving smart sustainable cities with GeoICT support: The Saudi evolving smart cities. Cities, 71(August 2016), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.007
Al-Nasrawi, S., Adams, C., & El-Zaart, A. 2015. A conceptual multidimensional model for assessing smart sustainable cities. JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 12(3), 541–558.
Alfaro Navarro, J. L., López Ruiz, V. R., & Nevado Peña, D. 2017. The effect of ICT use and capability on knowledge-based cities. Cities, 60, 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.010
Asprone, D., Prota, A., & Manfredi, G. 2014. Linking Sustainability and Resilience of Future Cities. In Resilience and Sustainability in Relation to Natural Disasters: A Challenge for Future Cities (pp. 55–65). Springer.
Bastidas, V., Bezbradica, M., & Helfert, M. 2017. Cities as Enterprises: A Comparison of Smart City Frameworks Based on Enterprise Architecture Requirements. In International Conference on Smart Cities (pp. 20–28). Springer.
Battarra, R., Pinto, F., & Tremiterra, M. R. 2018. Indicators and Actions for the Smart and Sustainable City: A Study on Italian Metropolitan Cities. In Smart Planning: Sustainability and Mobility in the Age of Change (pp. 83–107). Springer.
Bellagamba, U. 2016. From Ideal to Future Cities: Science Fiction as an Extension of Utopia. Philosophy & Technology, 29(1), 79–96.
Bibri, S. E. 2018. Conceptual, Theoretical, Disciplinary, and Discursive Foundations: A Multidimensional Framework. In Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future (pp. 39–131). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73981-6_2
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. 2017a. On the social shaping dimensions of smart sustainable cities: a study in science, technology, and society. Sustainable Cities and Society, 29, 219–246.
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. 2017b. Smart sustainable cities of the future: An extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 31, 183–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.016
Bisello, A., Vettorato, D., Stephens, R., & Elisei, P. 2016. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. Springer.
Borsekova, K., & Nijkamp, P. 2018. Smart cities: A challenge to research and policy analysis. Cities, 78(xxxx), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.03.015
Bricker, S. H., Banks, V. J., Galik, G., Tapete, D., & Jones, R. 2017. Accounting for groundwater in future city visions. Land Use Policy, 69(July), 618–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.018
Budde, P. 2014. Smart cities of tomorrow. In Cities for Smart Environmental and Energy Futures (pp. 9–20). Springer.
Carvalho, N., Chaim, O., Cazarini, E., & Gerolamo, M. 2018. Manufacturing in the fourth industrial revolution: A positive prospect in Sustainable Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing, 21, 671–678. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.170
Chen, S., Cerin, E., Stimson, R., & Lai, P. C. 2016. An Objective Measure to Assessing Urban Quality of Life based on Land Use Characteristics. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 36, 50–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.09.009
Connell, J. P., & Kubisch, A. C. 1998. Applying a theory of change approach to the evaluation of comprehensive community initiatives: progress, prospects, and problems. New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives, 2(15–44), 1–16.
de Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., & Weijnen, M. 2015. Sustainable–smart–resilient–low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 25–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.004
Estevez, E., Lopes, N., & Janowski, T. 2016. Smart sustainable cities: Reconnaissance Study. International Development Research Center.
Gasparini, P., Di Ruocco, A., & Russo, R. 2014. Natural hazards impacting on future cities. In Resilience and Sustainability in Relation to Natural Disasters: A Challenge for Future Cities (pp. 67–76). Springer.
Higgins, P., & Campanera, J. M. 2011. (Sustainable) quality of life in English city locations. Cities, 28(4), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.02.005
HITACHI’S, S. C. T. 2012. Hitachi’s vision of the smart city. Hitachi Review, 61(3), 111.
Höjer, M., & Wangel, J. (2015). Smart sustainable cities: definition and challenges. In ICT innovations for sustainability(pp. 333-349). Springer, Cham.
Ibrahim, M., El-Zaart, A., & Adams, C. 2017. Theory of change for the transformation towards smart sustainable cities. In Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET), 2017 (pp. 1–4). IEEE.
ITU. (2014). Smart Sustainable Cities. Environmental Modelling & Software, Vo. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Pages/default.aspx
Joshi, S., Saxena, S., Godbole, T., & Shreya. Developing Smart Cities: An Integrated Framework, 93 Procedia Computer Science 2016. The Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.258
Judyta, W. 2016. Urban Infrastructure Facilities as an Essential Public Investment for Sustainable Cities – Indispensable but Unwelcome Objects of Social Conflicts. Case Study of Warsaw, Poland. Transportation Research Procedia, 16, 553–565.
Kondepudi, S. N., Ramanarayanan, V., Jain, A., Singh, G. N., Nitin Agarwal, N. K., Kumar, R., … Gemma, P. (2014). Smart sustainable cities analysis of definitions. The ITU-T Focus Group for Smart Sustainable Cities.
Korpelainen, E. 2011. Theories of ICT system implementation and adoption: A critical review.
Kramers, A., Höjer, M., Lövehagen, N., & Wangel, J. 2014. Smart sustainable cities – Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities. Environmental Modelling & Software, 56, 52–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.12.019
Krueger, R., & Gibbs, D. 2008. ‘Third wave’sustainability? Smart growth and regional development in the USA. Regional Studies, 42(9), 1263–1274.
Laconte, P. 2018. Smart and Sustainable Cities: What Is Smart?—What Is Sustainable? In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions: Results of SSPCR 2017 2 (pp. 3–19). Springer.
Lee, S. H., Han, J. H., Leem, Y. T., & Yigitcanlar, T. 2008. Towards ubiquitous city. Knowledge-Based Urban Development, (January), 148–170. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-720-1.ch009
Lu, H., de Jong, M., & ten Heuvelhof, E. 2018. Explaining the variety in smart eco city development in China-What policy network theory can teach us about overcoming barriers in implementation? Journal of Cleaner Production.
Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Date, H. 2017. Quality of Life @ Palava Smart City : A Case Study. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917721822
Market, A.-L., & Team, C. I. 2016. Getting smart about smart cities understanding the market opportunity in the cities of tomorrow. Retrieved August.
Martin, C. J., Evans, J., & Karvonen, A. 2018. Smart and sustainable? Five tensions in the visions and practices of the smart-sustainable city in Europe and North America. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 133(July 2016), 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.01.005
Meijer, A., & Bolivar, M. 2013. Governing the smart city: Scaling-up the search for socio-techno synergy. In 2013EGPA Conference Proceedings.
Mostafa, A. M. 2012. Quality of Life Indicators in Value Urban Areas: Kasr Elnile Street in Cairo. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50(July), 254–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.032
Nasrawi, S. A. Al, Adams, C., & El-Zaart, A. 2016. A Conceptual Multidimensional Model for Assessing Smart Sustainable Cities. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 12(3), 541–558. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752015000300003
Nasrawi, S. A. Al, Adams, C., El-Zaart, A., Al-Nasrawi, S., Adams, C., & El-Zaart, A. 2015. A conceptual multidimensional model for assessing smart sustainable cities. JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 12(3), 541–558. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752015000300003
Olawumi, T. O., & Chan, D. W. M. 2018. A scientometric review of global research on sustainability and sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production.
Palvia, P., Baqir, N., & Nemati, H. 2018. ICT for socio-economic development: A citizens’ perspective. Information and Management, 55(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.05.003
Riffat, S., Powell, R., & Aydin, D. 2016. Future cities and environmental sustainability. Future Cities and Environment, 2(1), 1.
Scott, A. J. 2011. Emerging cities of the third wave. City, 15(3–4), 289–321.
Serag El Din, H., Shalaby, A., Farouh, H. E., & Elariane, S. A. 2013. Principles of urban quality of life for a neighborhood. HBRC Journal, 9(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.02.007
Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. 2018. Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 697–713. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053
Snieška, V., & Zykiene, I. 2014. The Role of Infrastructure in the Future City: Theoretical Perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.183
Susanti, R., Soetomo, S., Buchori, I., & Brotosunaryo, P. M. 2016. Smart Growth, Smart City and Density: In Search of The Appropriate Indicator for Residential Density in Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227(November 2015), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.062
Trindade, E. P., Hinnig, M. P. F., da Costa, E. M., Marques, J. S., Bastos, R. C., & Yigitcanlar, T. 2017. Sustainable development of smart cities: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-017-0063-2
Tsai, D. H. A. 2017. The effects of dynamic industrial transition on sustainable development. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics.
Turkoglu, H. 2015. Sustainable Development and Quality of Urban Life. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 202(December 2014), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.203
UNDESA. 2018. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. https://doi.org/(ST/ESA/SER.A/366)
United Nations. 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. General Assembley 70 Session, 16301(October), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. 2017. World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision Key Findings and Advance Tables. World Population Prospects The 2017, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Wittmann, J. 2018. Indicators as modular-hierarchical models for valuation. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(2), 679–682.
Yeh, H. 2017. The effects of successful ICT-based smart city services: From citizens’ perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 556–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.05.001
Yigitcanlar, T., & Lee, S. H. 2014. Korean ubiquitous-eco-city: A smart-sustainable urban form or a branding hoax? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.034
Yoo, S. J., Min, K. J., Jeong, S. H., & Shin, D. Bin. 2016. Inter-ministerial collaboration to utilize CCTV video service operated by U-City center of South Korea. Spatial Information Research, 24(4), 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-016-0040-z