تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

سنجش میزان تاب‌آوری شهرها در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی (مورد: کلان‌شهر تبریز)

نویسنده
پریچهر مصری علمداری
استادیار گروه جغرافیا ، (آب و هوا شناسی)، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
10.52547/jgs.21.60.151
چکیده
یکی از مسائل مهم در شهرهای امروزی مسئله تاب‌آوری شهرها است. این مسئله نقش مهمی در کاهش خسارات و تلفات ناشی از انواع مخاطرات طبیعی دارد. این مخاطرات در اغلب موارد تأثیرات مخربی بر سکونتگاه‌های انسانی می‌گذارد و تاب آور ساختن سکونتگاه‌ها در ابعاد مختلف مدیریتی، کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی روش بسیار مناسب برای تقویت کارآمدی شهرها در مقابله انواع بحران‌های مترقبه و غیرمترقبه است. در این راستا، پرداختن به تاب‌آوری شهرها در ابعاد مختلف اهمیت و ضرورت تحقیق را آشکار می‌کند. هدف کلی این پژوهش، بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذاری در میزان تاب‌آوری شهرها در برابر بلایایی طبیعی می‌باشد. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری شامل متخصصان و کارشناسان است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های آن از مدل Fvikor و در نهایت برای نشان دادن وضعیت مناطق از لحاظ تاب‌آوری از روش EDAS بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج حاصل از مدل ویکورفازی بیانگر آن است که مؤلفه نهادی با کسب بیشترین امتیاز (صفر) در جایگاه نخست و مؤلفه اقتصادی نیز با امتیاز 0.287 در جایگاه آخر واقع شده‌اند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از روش ایداس در بین مناطق مورد مطالعه در ابعاد مختلف نشان می‌دهد که منطقه 2 و 5 با تاب‌آوری بالا و منطقه 4 و 8 در تاب‌آوری پایین قرار دارند. در حالت کلی بیش از 50 درصد مناطق شهر تبریز از تاب‌آوری کمتری برخوردار هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تاب‌آوری
مخاطرات طبیعی
توسعه پایدار
کلان‌شهر تبریز

عنوان مقاله English

An Evaluation of the Resilience of Cities to Natural Hazards (Metropolis of Tabriz)

نویسنده English

Parichehr Mesri Alamdari
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, (climatology), Payame Noor University, Iran
چکیده English

One major issue to be considered in today's cities is their resilience which plays an important role in reducing the damage and casualties caused by various natural hazards. These hazards often have devastating effects on human settlements, and resilient settlements in various managerial, physical, economic, and social aspects is a great way to enhance the effectiveness of cities in dealing with a variety of potential and unexpected crises. In this regard, addressing the resilience of cities in different aspects reveals the importance and necessity of research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the resilience of cities to natural disasters. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population includes specialists and experts. FVIKOR model is used to analyze the components and characteristics, and EDAS method is used to show the condition of areas in terms of resilience. The results from Fuzzy VIKOR show the institutional component in the first place with the most score (zero) and the economic component in the last place with the score of 0.287. Also, the results from EDAS in different aspects of the studied areas show high resilience of districts 2 and 5 and low resilience of districts 4 and 8. Generally, more than 50% of Tabriz districts are less resilient.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Resilience
Natural hazards
sustainable development
Tabriz metropolis
Ainuddin, S., Routray, J. K. (2012). Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, pp. 25-36.
Asian Development Bank. (2013). Moving from Risk to Resilience: Sustainable Urban Development in the Pacific, Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/801. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Beatley, T., Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic cites are sustainable, resilient cites, International Journal of Sustainability 5(8), pp. 3328-3345.
BERKES, F. (2007). Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: lessons from resilience thinking, Natural hazards, 41, pp. 283-295.
Charleson, A., Kusliansjah, K., Widjaja, P .(2018). Improving the seismic resilience of housing in developing countries: time to transform local government building departments, MATEC Web of Conferences, 229, pp. 1-7.
Chen, Ch; Xu, L; Zhao, D; Xu, T; Lei, P.(2020). A new model for describing the urban resilience considering adaptability, resistance and recovery, Safety Science, 128.
Cutter. S. L., Ash. K. D., Christopher T. E. (2016). Urban–Rural Differences in Disaster Resilience, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(6), pp.1236- 1252.
Djalante, R., Thomalla, F.(2010). Community Resilience To Natural Hazards And Climate Change Impacts: A Review Of Definitions And Operational Frameworks, Asian journal of environment and disaster management, 3(3).
Dogulu, C., Karanci, N. A., Ikizer, G.(2016). how do survivors perceive community resilience? The case of the 2011 earthquakes in Van, Turkey, Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 16, pp. 108-114.
Frantzeskaki, N.(2016). Urban resilience, A concept for co-creating cities of the future, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Gupta, A.K., Singh, S., Katyal, S., Chopde, S., Wajih, S.A., Kumar, A. (2016). Training Manual on Climate Resilient and Disaster Safe Development - Process Framework, NIDM New Delhi (India), GEAG Gorakhpur (UP, India) and ISET, Colorado (USA), supported by CDKN, UK.
International Monetary Fund .(2019). Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters, Publisher: IMF
IPCC. (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, a Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Kärrholm‚ M.‚ Nylund‚ K.‚ Fuente‚ P. (2014). Spatial resilience and urban planning: Addressing the interdependence of urban retail areas‚ Cities‚ 36‚ pp. 121–130.
keshavarz ghorabaee, M., zavadskas, E.K., turskis, Z.,(2015). Multi-Criteria Inventory Classification Using a New Method of Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS), informatica, 26(3), pp. 435-451.
Koliou, M., van de Lindt, J. W., McAllister, Th. P., Ellingwood, B. R,. Dillard, M., c Cutler, H.(2018). State of the research in community resilience: progress and challenges, Sustain Resilient Infrastruct.
Kruse, S., Abeling, T., Deeming, H., Fordham, M., Forrester, J., Jülich, S., Karanci, A. N., Kuhlicke, C., Pelling, M., Pedoth, L., Schneiderbauer, S.(2017). Conceptualizing community resilience to natural hazards – the emBRACE framework, Nat, Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, pp. 2321–2333.
Lankao, P.R., Wilhelmi, O., Hayden, M., Gnatz, D .(2016). Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice., Sustainability, 8(12).
Lei, Y., Wang. J. a., Yue, Y., Zhou, H., Yin, W. (2013). Rethinking the relationships of vulnerability.resilience, and adaptation from a disaster risk perspective, Natural Hazards, 70 (1), pp. 609-627.
León‚ J., March‚ A. (2014). Urban morphology as a tool for supporting tsunami rapid resilience: A case study of Talcahuano, Chile‚ Habitat International‚ 43, pp. 250–262.
Madhuri, Tewari, h. r., Bhowmick, p. k. (2014). Livelihood vulnerability index analysis: an approach to study vulnerability in the context of Bihar: original research. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 6, pp. 1-13.
Maguire B., Hagen PC,(2007). Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 22, pp. 16-20.
Mayunga, J. S. (2007). Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: A capital based approach, A draft working paper prepared for the summer academy for social vulnerability and resilience building, 22 - 28 July, Munich, Germani, 1,pp. 1-16.
Mcntire, D. A. (2014). Disaster response and recovery: strategies and tactcs for resilience, Publishers of John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition.
Mitchell, T., Harris, K. (2012). Resilience: A risk management approach, Overseas Development Institute, pp.1-7.
Mitlin, D., Satterthwaite, D .(2013). Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, UK.
Molavi, M. (2018). Meauring Urban Resilience to Natural Hazards, Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 11 (2), pp.195-212.
Moraci, F., Francesco Errigo, M., Fazia, C., Burgio, G., Foresta, S.(218). Making Less Vulnerable Cities: Resilience as a New Paradigm of Smart Planning, Sustainability, 10(3).
Opricovic, S.(2011). Fuzzy VIKOR with an application to water resources planning, Expert Systems with Applications, 38(10), pp. 12983-12990.
Pendall, R., theodos, B., franks, K. (2012). Vulnerable people, precarious housing, and regional resilience: an exploratory analysis, Housing Policy Debate, 22, pp. 271-296.
Prior , T., Roth, F.(2013). Disaster, Resilience and Security in Global Cities, Strategic Security, 6(2).
Ramachandra, T.V., Bharath H. Aithal and Durgappa D. S. (2012). Insights to urban dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis, Int. J Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 18, pp. 329-343.
Ribeiro, P. J. G., Gonçalves, L.A. P. J.( 2019). Urban resilience: A conceptual framework, Sustainable Cities and Society, 50.
Stojadinovic, B .(2018). The case for systemic resilience: Urban communities in natural disasters, In Trump, B.D., Florin, M.-V., Linkov, I. (Eds.). IRGC resource guide on resilience (vol. 2): Domains of resilience for complex interconnected systems in transition.Lausanne, CH: EPFL International Risk Governance Center.
Unisdr. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, (http://www.wcdrr.org/preparatory/post2015), Accessed by 29 Jun 2015
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). (2016), Urbanization and Development - Emerging Futures.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). (2017), Trends in Urban Resilience.
Wang, Y.(2018). Tracking Disaster Dynamics for Urban Resilience: Human-Mobility and Semantic Perspectives, Blacksburg, Virginia.
yoon, D. K and kang, J. E(2013), A Measurement of Community Disaster Resilience in Korea, Environmental Planning and Management, Vol 59, No 3.