تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تبیین چالش های کارآفرینی کسب وکارهای کوچک روستایی مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان بیجار

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی دانشگاه زنجان
2 دانشجوی جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی دانشگاه زنجان
چکیده
.مهاجرت افراد جوان و پیری جوامع روستایی که به دلایلی ازجمله فقر و بیکاری صورت می‌گیرد، ضرورت بسیاری را برای شناسایی رویکردهای جدید برای بقای اقتصاد جوامع روستایی ایجاد می‌کند. در این راستا کارآفرینی کسب‌وکارهای کوچک نقش مهمی در کاهش فقر و درنهایت توسعه روستایی دارد. بااین‌وجود این نوع کارآفرینی با چالش‌های متعددی در ابعاد محیطی، اقتصادی و... مواجه می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی چالش‌های کارآفرینی در راستای بهبود کارآفرینی، ایجاد اشتغال و درآمد پایدار از طریق راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکارهای کوچک است. تحقیق حاضر ازنظر هدف کاربردی، ازنظر درجه نظارت و کنترل میدانی و ازنظر ماهیت و روش به‌صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل خانوارهای روستایی ساکن شهرستان بیجار می‌باشد. جمعیت این شهرستان طبق سرشماری سال 1395 معادل 89162 نفر {مرکز آمار ایران}بوده است که بر اساس توزیع مکانی 44 درصد روستایی و 56 درصد شهری بوده‌اند. همچنین 283 نقطه روستایی دریازده دهستان دارد که از این میان 12 روستای دارای کارآفرینی و از تعداد آن‌ها 244 خانوار با استفاده از فرمول اصلاح‌شده کوکران به دست آمد. روش گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت کتابخانه­ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه) بوده است. در این پرسشنامه از افراد خواسته‌شده بود بر اساس طیف لیکرت 5 گزینه‌ای میزان اهمیت هرکدام از چالش‌های شناسایی‌شده در حوزه کسب‌وکارهای کوچک روستایی را بر اساس گزینه‌های این طیف شامل (بسیار زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و بسیار کم) مشخص کنند و با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری (تحلیل عاملی) در نرم‌افزار Amos تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها صورت گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که همه چالش‌ها در کارآفرینی کسب‌وکارهای کوچک تأثیرگذار بوده‌اند، اما عوامل اقتصادی با بار عاملی 0.91 دارای بالاترین تأثیر در بین چالش‌های موجود بوده است و چالش‌های فردی و اجتماعی با بار عاملی به ترتیب 0.23 و 0.28 دارای کمترین بار عاملی بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Explanation of entrepreneurship small business challenges in rural area, The case of study: Bijar, Iran

نویسندگان English

Hossein Farahani 1
Mina Alvandi 2
1 Zanjan uni
2 zanjan uni
چکیده English

The migration of young people and the aging of rural communities, for reasons such as poverty and unemployment, will create a lot of need for identifying new approaches to the survival of rural communities. Small business entrepreneurship has an important role in reducing poverty and, ultimately, rural development. However, this kind of entrepreneurship faces many challenges in terms of environmental, economic and ... The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of entrepreneurship in improving entrepreneurship, creating employment and sustainable income through setting up small businesses. The present research is aimed at applying the field of observation and control, and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of rural households living in Bijar. According to the census of 1395, the population of this city was 89,162 persons, which according to the distribution of 44% of the rural population and 56% of the city. There are also 283 rural villages in the seaside district, among which 12 villages have entrepreneurship and 244 of them are households using the modified Cochran formula. Data gathering method was library and field questionnaire (questionnaire). In this questionnaire, individuals were asked to identify the importance of each of the identified challenges in rural small business based on the options of this spectrum (high, high, medium, low, and very low) based on the Likert spectrum. Structural Equation Modeling (Factor Analysis) has been used for analyzing data in Amos software. The results of the research show that all challenges in the entrepreneurship of small businesses have been affected, but economic factors with factor load of 0.91 have the highest impact among existing challenges and the individual and social challenges with factor load are 0.23 and 0.28, respectively. The least load has been the factor.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sustainable Rural Development
Empowerment
Business Space
Rural Economy
Kurdistan Province
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