تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی

برآورد درجه- روزهای رشد در شمالغرب ایران بر اساس مدلهای تغییر اقلیم

نویسندگان
حسن ذوالفقاری
جعفر معصوم پور سماکوش
شبنم چاهواری
دانشگاه رازی
10.29252/jgs.18.49.221
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش پیش­بینی تغییرات اقلیمی و بررسی اثر تغییر احتمالی اقلیم بر روی مقادیر درجه- روز رشد در منطقۀ شمال­غرب کشور است. به این منظور داده­های اقلیمی هفت ایستگاه سینوپتیک شامل ارومیه، تبریز، زنجان، سنندج، قزوین، کرمانشاه و همدان طی یک دورۀ 25 ساله (2009 - 1985) به عنوان دورۀ پایه گردآوری شد و برهمین اساس تغییرات دمای دوره­های (2030-2011 و 2065-2046) از طریق مدل HadCM3 شبیه­سازی شد. به دلیل قدرت تفکیک زمانی و مکانی پایین این مدل، خروجی­های آن، با استفاده از نرم افزار LARS-WG در مقیاس روزانه و ایستگاهی، ریزگردانی و تحت سه سناریوی انتشار A1B (سناریو حد وسط)، A2 (سناریو حداکثر یا بدبینانه) و B1 (سناریو حداقل یا خوش بینانه) ارائه گردید. واسنجی، صحت­سنجی و کارایی مدل از نظر میزان انطباق داده­های دیده­بانی شده با مقادیر شبیه­سازی شده از طریق آماره­های ، RMSE و MAE مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در نهایت با استفاده از دمای شبیه­سازی شده، درجه- روز رشد تحت چهار آستانۀ حرارتی صفر، 5، 10 و 15 درجۀ سانتی­گراد در دو بازۀ زمانی پایه (2009-1985) و آینده (2030-2011 و 2065-2046) محاسبه و مقایسه گردید. نتایج شبیه­سازی نشان داد با اینکه تغییرات دمای منطقۀ شمال­غرب ایران، تحت هر سه سناریو A1B، A2 و B1 در آینده افزایشی خواهد بود اما تفاوت بین این سناریوها در هر دوره ناچیز است. در مجموع بیشترین افزایش دما معادل 0/7 درجۀ سانتی­گراد مربوط به سناریوی A2 برای دورۀ 2030-2011 و به میزان 2/3 درجۀ سانتی­گراد تحت سناریوی A1B برای دورۀ 2065-2046 آشکار گردید. به­طور کلی با افزایش دما، مقادیر درجه- روز رشد بدون استثنا در دوره­های مورد بررسی و تحت چهار آستانه­ حرارتی مذکور افزایش می­یابد. تحت سناریوهای مطالعاتی، آستانه­های دمایی صفر درجۀ سانتی­گراد بیشترین و 15 درجۀ سانتی­گراد کمترین تأثیر پذیری از تغییر اقلیم را نشان می­دهند، به طوریکه بیشترین افزایش مقادیر درجه- روز محاسباتی تحت آستانه­های صفر و 15 درجۀ سانتی­گراد، در دورۀ اول نسبت به سناریوی مبنا (2009-1985)، به ترتیب به میزان 207/4 و 120/6 درجه- روز، تحت سناریو A2 و برای دورۀ دوم به میزان 5/752 و 463/5 درجه- روز، تحت سناریو A1B شبیه­سازی گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
واژه های کلیدی: تغییر اقلیم
HadCM3
سناریوهای انتشار
درجه- روز رشد
شمال غرب ایران

عنوان مقاله English

Estimating the Growing Degree Days in the Northwest of Iran based on Climate Change Models

نویسندگان English

Hasan Zolfaghari
Jafar Masoompourv Samakosh
Shabnam Chahvari
Razi University
چکیده English

The purpose of this study is predicting climate changes and investigating the effect of probable climate change on the growing degree-days in the northwest of Iran. For this purpose the climatic data of seven synoptic stations during a 25 years period (1985-2009) was collected including Oroomieh, Tabriz, Zanjan, Sanandaj, Ghazvin, Kermanshah, and Hamedan were used as the base period and thus temperature variations periods (2030-2011 and 2065-2046) through HadCM3 model was simulated. For the little power of temporal and spatial distinction of this model, its outputs were downscaled using LARS-WG software and presented under Emission Scenarios including A1B (moderate scenario), A2 (maximum or pessimistic scenario), and B1 (minimum or optimistic scenario). Calibration, verification and Performance Model with the rate of the adaption of observed data and the simulated measures through statistics , RMSE and MAE were analyzed. Finally, using the simulated temperature growing degree-day was calculated and compared under 4 Base temperature including 0°,5°,10°, and 15° centigrade in the basic span (1985-2009) and future span (2011-2030 and 2046-2065). The results of simulation show that temperature change in north-west areas under all three A1B, A2, and B1 scenario are increasing in the future, but the differences among these three scenarios in each period is inconsiderable. In total the most temperature increasing was detected as 0/7 centigrade in A2 scenario for 2011-2030 period and 2/3 centigrade under A1B scenario for 2046-2065 period. Generally with the temperature increasing, the amounts of growing degree-day without exception increases in review periods and under the four Base temperature. Under studied scenarios, the Bases temperature of 0° centigrade had the most and 15° centigrade had the least impressibility from climate changes, so that the most increasing in calculated degree-day measures under 0° and 15° centigrade bases in the first period to the basic scenario (1985-2009) respectively was simulated as 207/4 and 120/6 degree-day under A2 scenario and for the second period to the 752/5 and 463/5 degree-day under A1B scenario.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Climate chang
HadCM3
Emission Scenarios
Growing Degree Day
North-west of Iran
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